Common Conditions
Sciatica
Symptoms, Common Causes and Treatments
Understanding Sciatica and Its Causes
Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve, which extends from the lower back or buttocks down through the back of the legs. This condition can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain and may include symptoms such as numbness or weakness that impact daily activities. Sciatica is not a standalone diagnosis but rather a symptom resulting from various underlying conditions. Common causes include:
- Herniated Lumbar Discs: A condition where the discs in the lower spine bulge or rupture, potentially compressing the sciatic nerve.
- Spinal Stenosis: The narrowing of the spinal canal, which can exert pressure on the nerve roots.
- Deep Gluteal Syndrome: Tightness or injury in the deep gluteal muscles that can irritate or compress the sciatic nerve.
- Trauma: Injury to the lower limbs affecting the sciatic nerve.
Symptoms of Sciatica
The presentation of sciatica symptoms typically follows a dermatomal pattern, reflecting the specific nerve root affected. Symptoms may include:
- Pain radiating from the lower back to the back of the leg, potentially reaching the knee or foot.
- Accompanying low back pain.
- Numbness or tingling in the affected areas.
To assist in diagnosis, the physiotherapist will conduct a simple Slump Test to identify the potential underlying cause of the patient’s sciatica: while seated in a relaxed slumped posture, the patient looks down, flexes the head, and extends the symptomatic leg with toes pulled up.
